The effects of compounds on the immune system include the effects on the innate immune system, the mature immune system, and the development and defense of the immune system. And these effects may be passed on to offspring through parents resulting in immune dysfunction of offspring which are the parts that need to be paid more attention to. As a commonly used mood-stabilizer, carbamazepine (CBZ) was widely used and the risk to organism will increase. But at present, there is a lack of related research. In the present study, adult zebrafish were exposed to 0, 1, 10 and 100μg/L CBZ for 21 days and the embryos were hatched and development in exposure and recovery group until 21dpf which covers the important period of the development of zebrafish immune system. At the critical time of the development of immune system, LPS were be added at 4dpf and 19dpf and then jointly exposed to 5dpf and 21dpf. The results showed the adverse effects on the immunological function of F0 zebrafish and the abnormal development of immune system and the changes of resistance of F1 zebrafish were observed. Furthermore, CBZ affected the defense of the immune system by inhibiting antioxidant defense system and TLR signaling pathway. Finally, CBZ resulted in changes of movement trajectory and respiratory burst by affecting the immune defense. In addition, CBZ exerted cross-generational effects. CBZ resulted in damage to the immune system and then decreased resistance in recovery group. In addition, the effects on the immune system itself were basically repaired in 21 days, but the effects on the recognition of bacteria by the immune system still existed at 100 µg/L. The cross-generational effects of CBZ on immune defense should be paid more attention.